Travel Vaccinations

Travel Vaccinations

Many of us holiday abroad and as a nation we have become increasingly adventurous with our travel plans, visiting more exotic and remote parts of the world.

Unfortunately many of the diseases that have now been eradicated in the UK are still present in remote countries along with other diseases never encountered in the UK, presenting a real threat to the average traveller.

How do vaccinations work?

Vaccinations can help guard against many diseases. They work by exposing the body to small amounts of the bacteria or virus that cause a disease. The body’s immune system then produces antibodies to fight against these. Antibodies remain in the body ready to attack and destroy any live forms of the diseases.

Some vaccines are given as a single dose providing full protection for a specific period but others require a series of vaccinations at specified intervals to ensure full immunity.

Vaccinations explained – which are the main preventable diseases?

• Hepatitis A – transmitted through contaminated food and water
• Hepatitis B – transmitted through infected blood and bodily fluids
• Typhoid – transmitted through contaminated food and water
• Tetanus – present in soil and manure spores then transmitted through puncture wounds, burns and scratches
• Diphtheria – transmitted through respiratory droplets, personal contact and contaminated clothing or bed linen
• Polio – transmitted through contaminated food and water
  In the UK Tetanus, Diphtheria and Polio are immunised against in infanthood with booster doses as teenagers and young adults
• Cholera – transmitted through contaminated food and water
• Yellow Fever – transmitted by infected mosquitoes
• Japanese Encephalitis – transmitted by infected mosquitoes
• Rabies – transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal

Which vaccines do I need?

Vaccination requirements are subject to change and dependent on the destination but these are rarely mandatory. Requirements also vary depending on the circumstances of your trip. Holidaying in a high standard tourist resort, for a short period presents a much lower risk than living for an extended period in a remote area.

When planning your trip abroad always take advice from a medical professional and remember vaccinations provide a level of protection from diseases but cannot be assumed 100% effective. Make sure you take sensible precautions whist away to reduce any unnecessary risks.

Where can I get further advice?

Your GP or practice nurse can help determine which vaccinations you need and provide you with them. Some are given free under the NHS, but others may be charged depending on the vaccines required.

Pharmacies can also provide advice on vaccinations, some even offer a vaccination service, as do specialist travel clinics.
    
How long before I travel should I be vaccinated?    

Ideally, visit your GP or travel clinic at least 6 weeks before your travel date ensuring you have time to receive the required vaccinations and develop full immunity .However, last minute vaccination can still provide a measure of protection if unavoidable.

Useful information on which vaccines are required for which destinations can be obtained from The National Travel Health Network and Centre – www.nathnac.org

Malaria Prophylaxis

It’s also important to check whether you’re at risk of contracting malaria and require tablets to prevent it.  Again you can check this with your surgery, pharmacy or travel clinic.