Gum Disease

What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease is the infection or inflammation of the gums, which is often characterised by swelling and soreness. Most people will experience gum disease at some point during their lives. 50-90% of the adult population have some form of gum disease.

Gum disease refers to the build up of plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) on the teeth. Poor oral hygiene is the main cause of plaque build up. Other causes of gum disease are smoking and diabetes.

There are two main types of gum disease – gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums, caused by plaque build up, resulting in swollen and soar gums.  Gingivitis is reversible.  If the plaque is removed then the gums will get heal.

Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tooth.  Occurs as a result of long term gingivitis and is caused by the build up of excess hardened plaque between the gum and tooth.  This plaque is difficult to reach and causes the tooth to pull away from the gum.  The gum can now start to shrink giving less support to the tooth, causing it to fall out or be removed.

Symptoms

The main symptom of gingivitis is bleeding of the gums when brushing, as well as inflammation and soreness. Unexplained wobbly teeth also can be a sign of untreated gum disease. Bad breath and taste disturbances are also signs.

Prevention

The most effective way of preventing gum disease is to practise good oral hygiene. Teeth should ideally be brushed for 2 – 3 minutes twice a day and regularly flossed. Visiting the dentist every year is recommended as gum disease can be hard to detect.

Treatment

Treatment should always be guided by your dentist.  Dentists can clean the teeth to remove plaque build up in those with gingivitis. The dentist will usually then advise the use of a mouthwash to help with plaque removal. Antiseptic mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine and hexetidine are commonly advised. In periodontitis, when the space between the tooth and the gum is too deep for a dentist to reach, surgery may be required for effective plaque removal.

Help

If you notice the symptoms of gum disease it is important to see a dentist to confirm a diagnosis. Pharmacists can assist with oral healthcare and a wide range of antiseptic mouthwashes are available over-the-counter.  Women who are pregnant or are breastfeeding should consult with their pharmacist and those under 12 years of age should use only on specialist advice from a dental professional